200 Historical Accounts of Spontaneous Human Combustion - Overview, Common Characteristics, Scientific Investigations, Suggested Explanations, Notable Examples, Cultural References - Chemicals And Radioactive Heavy Metals That Spontaneously Combust - Hay, Coal, Linseed Oil Spontaneously Combust
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION IS REAL AND DOES HAPPEN, ACCORDING TO TOP SCIENTIST
Spontaneous human combustion is REAL and burns you ‘like an incendiary bomb’, top scientist claims
Author and biology boffin Professor Brian J Ford says spontaneous human combustion (SHC) burns you like an incendiary bomb, singeing your nerves in mere seconds. “Humans suddenly burst into searing hot flame. Left alone, their bodies burn fiercely until little but hot ash remains, though the hands and legs may remain unscathed,” he told Sun Online. “There are many pain receptors in the skin, so the sensation would be agonising in the extreme – though I’d guess that unconsciousness would follow quickly.”
THE SUN SPONTANEOUS HUMAN COMBUSTION IS REAL AND BURNS YOU ‘LIKE AN INCENDIARY BOMB’, TOP SCIENTIST CLAIMS
WEIRD THINGS THAT YOU DID NOT KNOW ABOUT SPONTANEOUS HUMAN COMBUSTION
A Real Case Of Spontaneous Human CombustionVIDEO: https://youtu.be/8DJ_2qWrqs4 10 min
Unspeakable Crimes Weird Things You Didn’t Know About Spontaneous Human Combustion -
Source/credit; rnkr.co/SpontaneousCombustion
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF HUMAN BODY, FROM INSIDE OUT
3 Cases of Spontaneous Human CombustionVIDEO: https://youtu.be/izVo7TWlmhU 12 min
WIKIPEDIA EXPLANATION AND MULTIPLE ACCOUNTS OF SPONTANEOUS HUMAN COMBUSTION
Wikipedia; "Spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is the concept of the combustion of a living (or recently deceased) human body without an apparent external source of ignition. In addition to reported cases, descriptions of the alleged phenomenon appear in literature, and both types have been observed to share common characteristics in terms of circumstances and the remains of the victim.
Scientific investigations have attempted to analyze reported instances of SHC and have resulted in hypotheses regarding potential causes and mechanisms, including victim behavior and habits, alcohol consumption and proximity to potential sources of ignition, as well as the behavior of fires that consume melted fats. Natural explanations, as well as unverified natural phenomena, have been proposed to explain reports of SHC. Current scientific consensus is that purported cases of SHC involve overlooked external sources of ignition.
OVERVIEW
"Spontaneous human combustion" refers to the death from a fire originating without an apparent external source of ignition; the fire is believed to start within the body of the victim. This idea and the term "spontaneous human combustion" were both first proposed in 1746 by Paul Rolli in an article published in the Philosophical Transactions concerning the mysterious death of Countess Cornelia Zangheri Bandi.[2]
Writing in The British Medical Journal in 1938, coroner Gavin Thurston describes the phenomenon as having "apparently attracted the attention not only of the medical profession but of the laity one hundred years ago" (referring to a fictional account published in 1834 in the Frederick Marryat cycle).[3] In his 1995 book Ablaze!, Larry E. Arnold wrote that there had been about 200 cited reports of spontaneous human combustion worldwide over a period of around 300 years.[4]
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS
The topic received coverage in the British Medical Journal in 1938. An article by L. A. Parry cited an 1823-published book Medical Jurisprudence,[5] which stated that commonalities among recorded cases of spontaneous human combustion included the following characteristics:
"[...]the recorded cases have these things in common:
the victims are chronic alcoholics;
they are usually elderly females;
the body has not burned spontaneously, but some lighted substance has come into contact with it;
the hands and feet usually fall off;
the fire has caused very little damage to combustible things in contact with the body;
the combustion of the body has left a residue of greasy and fetid ashes, very offensive in odor."[6]
Alcoholism is a common theme in early SHC literary references, in part because some Victorian era physicians and writers believed spontaneous human combustion was the result of alcoholism.[7]
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
An extensive two-year research project, involving thirty historical cases of alleged SHC, was conducted in 1984 by science investigator Joe Nickell and forensic analyst John F. Fischer. Their lengthy, two-part report was published in the journal of the International Association of Arson Investigators,[8]:3–11 as well as part of a book.[9]
Nickell has written frequently on the subject,[8][9][10] appeared on television documentaries, conducted additional research, and lectured at the New York State Academy of Fire Science at Montour Falls, New York, as a guest instructor.
Nickell and Fischer's investigation, which looked at cases in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, showed that the burned bodies were close to plausible sources for the ignition: candles, lamps, fireplaces, and so on. Such sources were often omitted from published accounts of these incidents, presumably to deepen the aura of mystery surrounding an apparently "spontaneous" death.
The investigations also found that there was a correlation between alleged SHC deaths and the victim's intoxication (or other forms of incapacitation) which could conceivably have caused them to be careless and unable to respond properly to an accident. Where the destruction of the body was not particularly extensive, a primary source of combustible fuel could plausibly have been the victim's clothing or a covering such as a blanket or comforter.
However, where the destruction was extensive, additional fuel sources were involved, such as chair stuffing, floor coverings, the flooring itself, and the like. The investigators described how such materials helped to retain melted fat, which caused more of the body to be burned and destroyed, yielding still more liquified fat, in a cyclic process known as the "wick effect" or the "candle effect".
According to Nickell and Fischer's investigation, nearby objects often remained undamaged because fire tends to burn upward, but burns laterally with some difficulty. The fires in question are relatively small, achieving considerable destruction by the wick effect, and relatively nearby objects may not be close enough to catch fire themselves (much as one can closely approach a modest campfire without burning). As with other mysteries, Nickell and Fischer cautioned against "single, simplistic explanation for all unusual burning deaths" but rather urged investigating "on an individual basis".[9]:169
Neurologist Steven Novella has said that skepticism about spontaneous human combustion is now bleeding over into becoming popular skepticism about spontaneous combustion.[11]
A 2002 study by Angi M. Christensen of the University of Tennessee cremated both healthy and osteoporotic samples of human bone and compared the resulting color changes and fragmentation. The study found that osteoporotic bone samples "consistently displayed more discoloration and a greater degree of fragmentation than healthy ones." The same study found that when human tissue is burned, the resulting flame produces a small amount of heat, indicating that fire is unlikely to spread from burning tissue.[12]
SUGGESTED EXPLANATIONS
While scientific consensus is that incidents which might appear as spontaneous combustion did in fact have an external source of ignition—and that the physical possibility of spontaneous human combustion without an external ignition source is extremely implausible—some pseudoscientific hypotheses have been presented which attempt to explain how SHC might occur without an external flame source.[13][1]
Natural explanations
Almost all postulated cases of SHC involve persons with low mobility due to advanced age or obesity, along with poor health.[15] Victims show a high likelihood of having died in their sleep, or of having been unable to move once they had caught fire.
Cigarettes are often seen as the source of fire, as the improper disposal of smoking materials causes one in every four fire deaths in the United States.[16] Natural causes such as heart attacks may lead to the victim dying, subsequently dropping the cigarette, which after a period of smouldering can ignite the victim's clothes.[17]
The "wick effect" hypothesis suggests that a small external flame source, such as a burning cigarette, chars the clothing of the victim at a location, splitting the skin and releasing subcutaneous fat, which is in turn absorbed into the burned clothing, acting as a wick. This combustion can continue for as long as the fuel is available. This hypothesis has been successfully tested with pig tissue and is consistent with evidence recovered from cases of human combustion.[18][19]
The human body typically has enough stored energy in fat and other chemical stores to fully combust the body; even lean people have several pounds of fat in their tissues. This fat, once heated by the burning clothing, wicks into the clothing much as candle wax (which originally was typically made of animal fat) is drawn into a lit candle wick, providing the fuel needed to keep the wick burning.[20]
The protein in the body also burns, but provides less energy than fat, with the water in the body being the main impediment to combustion. However, slow combustion, lasting hours, gives the water time to evaporate slowly. In an enclosed area, such as a house, this moisture will recondense nearby, possibly on windows.
Feet don't typically burn because they often have the least fat; hands also have little fat, but may burn if resting on the abdomen, which provides all of the necessary fat for combustion.
Brian J. Ford has suggested that ketosis, possibly caused by alcoholism or low-carb dieting, produces acetone, which is highly flammable and could therefore lead to apparently spontaneous combustion.[22][23]
SHC can be confused with self-immolation as a form of suicide. In the West, self-immolation accounts for 1% of suicides,[24] while Radford claims in developing countries the figure can be as high as 40%.[25]
Sometimes there are reasonable explanations for the deaths, but proponents ignore official autopsies and contradictory evidence, in favor of anecdotal accounts and personal testimonies.[17][21][26]
Mast cell researcher Lawrence Afrin, M.D., posits that a rare condition called mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) may be the cause of the phenomenon. In MCAS, mast cells spontaneously release over 200 inflammatory molecules known as mediators, including the substance noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
Afrin describes a case report of a man with MCAS who grew ill and appeared to "smoke" in the presence of several witnesses. Afrin writes that the release of large amounts of norepinephrine, or perhaps another mast cell-derived substance, could turn on a regulatory protein called UCP-1 in greater-than-normal amounts. UCP-1 causes adipose oxidization to be released as heat. Adipose tissue is a known repository of mast cells. Under the right circumstances, a sudden flood of norepinephrine released from adipose mast cells could activate the UCP-1 "switch" and cause heat generation in excess of 90 degrees Celsius. Once the adipose tissue were ignited, it would in theory burn itself out, inclusive of bone marrow.[27]
British chemist Dr. John Emsley suggests that cases of spontaneous human combustion could be the result of an overproduction of a pyrophoric liquid, diphosphane, in the gut. He postulates that the self-combustion of diphosphane would also result in the ignition of the hydrogen and methane gasses in the gut, which would explain witnessed cases where blue flames were seen to originate from the abdomen.[citation needed] Methane burns with a pale blue flame.
Alternative theories
Larry E. Arnold in his 1995 book Ablaze! proposed a new subatomic particle, which he called "pyrotron".[4]:99–106[21] Arnold also wrote that the flammability of a human body could be increased by certain circumstances, like increased alcohol in the blood.[4]:84[21] He further proposed that extreme stress could be the trigger that starts many combustions.[4]:163[21] This process may use no external oxygen to spread throughout the body, since it may not be an "oxidation-reduction" reaction; however, no reaction mechanism has been proposed. Researcher Joe Nickell has criticised Arnold's hypotheses as based on selective evidence and argument from ignorance.[21]
In his 1976 book Fire From Heaven, UK writer Michael Harrison suggests that SHC is connected to poltergeist activity because, he argues, "the force which activates the 'poltergeist' originates in, and is supplied by, a human being". Within the concluding summary, Harrison writes: "SHC, fatal or non-fatal, belongs to the extensive range of poltergeist phenomena."
John Abrahamson suggested that ball lightning could account for spontaneous human combustion. "This is circumstantial only, but the charring of human limbs seen in a number of ball lightning cases are [sic] very suggestive that this mechanism may also have occurred where people have had limbs combusted," says Abrahamson.[28]
NOTABLE EXAMPLES
On 2 July 1951, Mary Reeser, a 67-year-old woman, was found burned to death in her house after her landlady realized that the house's doorknob was unusually warm. The landlady notified the police, and upon entering the home they found Reeser's remains completely burned into ash, with only one leg remaining. The chair she was sitting in was also destroyed.
Reeser took sleeping pills and was also a smoker. Despite its proliferation in popular culture, the contemporary FBI investigation ruled out the possibility of SHC. A common theory was that she was smoking a cigarette after taking sleeping pills and then fell asleep while still holding the burning cigarette, which could have ignited her gown, ultimately leading to her death. Her daughter-in-law stated, "The cigarette dropped to her lap. Her fat was the fuel that kept her burning. The floor was cement, and the chair was by itself. There was nothing around her to burn".[29][30]
Margaret Hogan, an 89-year-old widow who lived alone in a house on Prussia Street, Dublin, Ireland, was found burned almost to the point of complete destruction on 28 March 1970. Plastic flowers on a table in the centre of the room had been reduced to liquid and a television with a melted screen sat 12 feet from the armchair in which the ashen remains were found; otherwise, the surroundings were almost untouched. Her two feet, and both legs from below the knees, were undamaged. A small coal fire had been burning in the grate when a neighbour left the house the previous day; however, no connection between this fire and that in which Mrs. Hogan died could be found. An inquest, held on 3 April 1970, recorded death by burning, with the cause of the fire listed as "unknown".[31]
Henry Thomas, a 73-year-old man, was found burned to death in the living room of his council house on the Rassau estate in Ebbw Vale, South Wales, in 1980. His entire body was incinerated, leaving only his skull and a portion of each leg below the knee. The feet and legs were still clothed in socks and trousers. Half of the chair in which he had been sitting was also destroyed. Police forensic officers decided that the incineration of Thomas was due to the wick effect.[32]
His death was ruled 'death by burning', as he had plainly inhaled the contents of his own combustion.[23] In December 2010, the death of Michael Faherty in County Galway, Ireland, was recorded as "spontaneous combustion" by the coroner. The doctor, Ciaran McLoughlin, made this statement at the inquiry into the death:
"This fire was thoroughly investigated and I'm left with the conclusion that this fits into the category of spontaneous human combustion, for which there is no adequate explanation."[24]
In December 2010, the death of Michael Faherty, a 76-year-old man in County Galway, Ireland, was recorded as "spontaneous combustion" by the coroner. The doctor, Ciaran McLoughlin, made this statement at the inquiry into the death: "This fire was thoroughly investigated and I'm left with the conclusion that this fits into the category of spontaneous human combustion, for which there is no adequate explanation."[33]
Man survives partial burning from the inside out.. theory is that the body is burning like a mini Hiroshima, burning on a sub atomic level. Could the combination of sugar, potassium chloride and acid either in the blood or stomach reach a critical mass and burn a person alive, from the inside out?
CULTURAL REFERENCES
In the novel Redburn by Herman Melville published in 1849, a sailor, Miguel Saveda, is consumed by "animal combustion" whilst in a drunken stupor on the return voyage from Liverpool to New York (chapter 48).
In the novel Bleak House by Charles Dickens, the character Mr. Krook dies of spontaneous combustion at the end of Part X. Dickens researched the details of a number of contemporary accounts of spontaneous human combustion before writing that part of the novel and, after receiving criticism from a scientist friend suggesting he was perpetuating a "vulgar error", cites some of these cases in Part XI and again in the preface to the one-volume edition.[34] The death of Mr. Krook has been described as "the most famous case in literature" of spontaneous human combustion.[35]
In the comic story "The Glenmutchkin Railway" by William Edmondstoune Aytoun, published in 1845 in Blackwood's Magazine, one of the railway directors, Sir Polloxfen Tremens, is said to have died of spontaneous combustion.[36]
In the 1984 mockumentary This Is Spın̈al Tap, about the fictional heavy metal band Spinal Tap, two of the band's former drummers are said to have died in separate on-stage spontaneous human combustion incidents.[37]
In the episode "Confidence and Paranoia" of British science fiction series Red Dwarf, a character called the Mayor of Warsaw is said to have spontaneously exploded in the 16th century and briefly appears in a vision by an unconscious Lister (the main protagonist of the series) where he explodes in front of Rimmer (his hologram bunkmate).
In the beginning of the 1998 video game Parasite Eve, an entire audience in Carnegie Hall spontaneously combusts (except for Aya Brea, the protagonist of the game) during an opera presentation as the main actress Melissa Pierce starts to sing.[38]
In the eighth episode of the second season of the American action police procedural television series NCIS, a case is investigated where the victim at first glance seems to have been killed by spontaneous human combustion.
In episode 2 of the second season of the TV series Picket Fences, the town's mayor is shown to have been killed by spontaneous combustion.
The manga and anime series Fire Force focuses on the main protagonists fighting humans who have this phenomenon.
In the fourth episode of the first season of the English comedic drama series "Toast of London", Toast decides to finish his book by having the main character spontaneously combust. When bringing it to his literary agent, the laziness of his ending enrages her to the point of spontaneous combustion in front of Toast.
The adult animated series South Park devoted a whole episode, titled "Spontaneous Combustion", to spontaneous human combustion
In Kevin Wilson's short story "Blowing Up on the Spot" (from his collection Tunneling to the Center of the Earth), the protagonist's parents died from a "double spontaneous human combustion."
HYPOTHESIS; ALL THOSE WHO BURNED ATE EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, COMBINED WITH LARGE QUANTITIES OF SUGAR
What happens if you combine stomach acid, potassium chloride and sugar? The experiment below may not pertain to what happens inside of the body or the consumption of potassium chloride, but it may be worth doing some more investigation around this, to see if there may be a link to spontaneous human combustion.
VIDEO: https://youtu.be/Flb-4yBnO6k 1 min
Bottom line, enough sugar combined with potassium chloride will cause spontaneous combustion, with no ignition source.
Go deeper
Go deeper
Potassium Chloride Is Radioactive, Causes Sclerosis, Strokes, Renal Lesions In Rats, Makes Soil Toxic For Plants - Used To Execute Prisoners In Prisons - Not An Electrolyte, It Should Be Banned From Public Sale - 98 Percent Of Diets Are Deficient In Potassium - Top 25 Potassium Rich Foods - Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure Link - Hormesis Theory Debunked - Chirality Explored
https://www.agreenroadjournal.com/2015/09/potassium-chloride-is-radioactive.html
Is spontaneous human combustion real?
https://www.agreenroadjournal.com/2015/09/potassium-chloride-is-radioactive.html
HYPOTHESIS; ALL THOSE WHO BURNED HAD EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS OF ACETONE IN THEIR BODY, WHICH WAS THEN TRIGGERED TO BURN THROUGH STATIC SPARK OR OTHER IGNITION SOURCE
AUG 22, 2018ORIGINAL:FEB 6, 2013Is spontaneous human combustion real?
One recent hypothesis comes from British biologist Brian J. Ford, who in August 2012 described his experiments with combustion in the magazine New Scientist. According to Ford, a buildup of acetone in the body (which can result from alcoholism, diabetes or a specific kind of diet) can lead to spontaneous combustion.
To prove this hypothesis would take doing a chemistry experiment where acetone would spontaneously combust without any ignition source..
CHEMICALS AND RADIOACTIVE HEAVY METALS THAT COMBUST SPONTANEOUSLY WHEN EXPOSED TO AIR
Go deeper
Plutonium - Several Compounds Of This Toxic, Radioactive Heavy Metal Poison Are Pyrophoric And Burn When Exposed To Air; Was A Plutonium Micro Nuclear Bomb Used In Allepo And Bali In 2002? Lightest Nuclear Bomb; W54 Davy Crockett 120 mm Recoilless Rifle-Launched Warhead
MORE CASES OF SPONTAEOUS COMBUSTION IN COMMON EVERYDAY ITEMS: COAL, HAY, LINSEED OIL
Counter-intuitively, hay will spontaneously combust if it gets too wet. According to the Washington State University Extension:
Dry hay (stored at 15 percent moisture or less) is safe for long-term storage. However, if the hay has become wet the quality has been permanently changed and the potential fire hazard from spontaneous combustion increased.
Linseed oil evaporates very rapidly causing an exothermic reach, which accelerates as the temperature of the rags increases. When the accumulated heat exceeds the rate of heat dissipation, the temperature increases and may eventually become hot enough to cause the rags to spontaneously combust.
In his experiment, Prof. Ford
Marinated pork tissue in acetone [then used it] to make scale models of humans, which we clothed and set alight. They burned to ash within half an hour
https://gizmodo.com/what-causes-spontaneous-combustion-1486311596
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